A Patient Presenting with Posterior Glottic Stenosis from an Actinomyces Infection of the Cricoid Cartilage

Posterior glottic stenosis is defined as a narrowing of the airway at the posterior portion of the true vocal folds, and is most commonly caused by prolonged endotracheal intubation. We report a rare presentation in a patient infected with HIV who was later diagnosed with a primary actinomyces infection of the cricoid cartilage. This case report documents an important new complication for both primary care providers and Otolaryngologists to note in treating patients with HIV. While the use of anti-retrovirals has led to a dramatic increase in the lifespan of patients, the increased prevalence of patients has yielded new associations not previously seen. As noted within this case report, patients who are infected with HIV and present with stridor or dyspnea should be referred to a laryngologist without delay. Earlier recognition and treatment with antibiotics may help these patients avoid surgery.